- Blepharospasm (dystonia of periocular muscles) is a focal dystonia characterized by involuntary contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscles, resulting in the bilateral closure of the eyes .
- This can range from a relatively benign increase in blink frequency to sustained eyelid closure and functional blindness.
- Onset is gradual and usually occurs in midlife. The etiology of blepharospasm is unknown.
- Treatment includes tinted glass, artificial tears, lorazepam, clonazepam and trihexyphenidyl.
- Orbital myectomy in Botox failures.
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